Guide · checked 20 October 2026

Spanish tax residency: what the official texts say

What the Ley del IRPF, the text on the non-resident income tax and the Agencia Tributaria say about who is resident in Spain for tax and who is not, with what we could not confirm.

This page covers individuals under the state IRPF and the TRLIRNR definitions of who is resident. It does not cover the Haciendas Forales (the foral territories), diplomats, consular staff and officials posted abroad, Spanish nationals who move to a tax haven (art. 8.2 of the Ley del IRPF), treaty tie-breakers, immigration residence, any other country's rules or the Beckham regime.

It gives no worked example, no calendar and no method for any stay or absence, and says nothing of whether any reader is resident. For the Beckham regime, see our guide to Beckham law and Modelo 149 and our Beckham law calculator; for take-home pay, our salary calculator; for working remotely for a UK employer, our guide to working remotely for a UK employer; for the annual return, our guide to the Spanish income tax return; for rental income of non-residents, our guide to non-resident rental property tax.

This guide reports what the BOE (the Official Journal, where the laws are published) and the Agencia Tributaria (AEAT, the Spanish tax agency) say about who is resident in Spain for the IRPF (the Spanish personal income tax), who is a non-resident taxpayer under the TRLIRNR (the text of the non-resident income tax law, the IRNR), and the AEAT's certificate of tax residence. It does not say whether any reader is resident or not. Quotes are in Spanish, the language of the source, with the article or page, a link, the date that source shows and the day we read it, 20 October 2026. The rows shared with our Modelo 100 guide and our remote-work guide for a UK employer are shown unchanged, each with the date line stored there and the day that guide read it, 18 October 2026. The English after a quote is our summary and says so; it is not a translation to rely on. This page is not advice.

If you read only one thing

  • This page quotes the texts on who is resident in Spain for tax and who is not, and does not say whether any reader is: see what we could not confirm.
  • Art. 9.1 of the Ley del IRPF lists circumstances, any one of which is enough; the first concerns a stay of more than 183 days during the calendar year, as art. 9.1.a) of the Ley del IRPF words it, and the circumstances are quoted as printed, with no method for any stay or absence.
  • The proof of residence and the certificate of tax residence are quoted as the AEAT words them, each with the date its page shows; the AEAT may change its pages.

Who is resident for the IRPF, as the Ley del IRPF words it

Art. 8, apartado 1, of the Ley del IRPF (Ley 35/2006), as our Modelo 100 guide holds it, says:

“Artículo 8. Contribuyentes. 1. Son contribuyentes por este impuesto: a) Las personas físicas que tengan su residencia habitual en territorio español. b) Las personas físicas que tuviesen su residencia habitual en el extranjero por alguna de las circunstancias previstas en el artículo 10 de esta Ley.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 8.1)
BOE consolidated text, whole-text banner «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; the BOE's latest version line for art. 8 (28/11/2014, in force 01/01/2016) relates to its apartado 3; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): art. 8.1 names as taxpayers of the IRPF individuals who have their habitual residence in Spanish territory and individuals who had their habitual residence abroad in the circumstances that its letra b) refers to. This page does not say which of them applies to any reader.

Art. 9 has this heading as printed:

“Artículo 9. Contribuyentes que tienen su residencia habitual en territorio español.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 9, its heading as printed)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 20 October 2026

Art. 9, apartado 1, opens, as our guide on working remotely for a UK employer holds it:

“1. Se entenderá que el contribuyente tiene su residencia habitual en territorio español cuando se dé cualquiera de las siguientes circunstancias:” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 9.1)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 18 October 2026

Art. 9.1.a), first paragraph, says, as that guide holds it:

“a) Que permanezca más de 183 días, durante el año natural, en territorio español. Para determinar este período de permanencia en territorio español se computarán las ausencias esporádicas, salvo que el contribuyente acredite su residencia fiscal en otro país. En el supuesto de países o territorios considerados como paraíso fiscal, la Administración tributaria podrá exigir que se pruebe la permanencia en éste durante 183 días en el año natural.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 9.1.a), first paragraph)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 18 October 2026

Art. 9.1.a), second paragraph, says:

“Para determinar el período de permanencia al que se refiere el párrafo anterior, no se computarán las estancias temporales en España que sean consecuencia de las obligaciones contraídas en acuerdos de colaboración cultural o humanitaria, a título gratuito, con las Administraciones públicas españolas.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 9.1.a), second paragraph)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 20 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): art. 9.1.a) names a stay in Spanish territory of more than 183 days during the calendar year, as art. 9.1.a) of the Ley del IRPF words it; its first paragraph goes on to word sporadic absences and a case in which tax residence in another country is shown, and its second paragraph words temporary stays that arise from the agreements it names. This page does not say how any stay or absence is treated.

Art. 9.1.b) says, as that guide holds it:

“b) Que radique en España el núcleo principal o la base de sus actividades o intereses económicos, de forma directa o indirecta.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 9.1.b))
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 18 October 2026

The last paragraph of art. 9.1 says, as that guide holds it:

“Se presumirá, salvo prueba en contrario, que el contribuyente tiene su residencia habitual en territorio español cuando, de acuerdo con los criterios anteriores, resida habitualmente en España el cónyuge no separado legalmente y los hijos menores de edad que dependan de aquél.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), art. 9.1, last paragraph)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): art. 9.1 says habitual residence in Spanish territory is understood to exist when any one of its circumstances occurs; art. 9.1.b) names the main nucleus or base of the taxpayer's activities or economic interests being in Spain, directly or indirectly; its last paragraph words a presumption, unless proved otherwise, tied to the spouse not legally separated and the dependent minor children. This page does not say whether any circumstance or presumption applies to any reader.

The Ley del IRPF's disposición adicional decimoséptima says:

“Disposición adicional decimoséptima. Remisiones normativas. Las referencias normativas efectuadas en otras disposiciones a la Ley 18/1991, de 6 de junio, del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, a la Ley 40/1998, de 9 de diciembre, del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas y otras Normas Tributarias, y al texto refundido de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 3/2004, de 5 de marzo, se entenderán realizadas a los preceptos correspondientes de esta Ley.” (Ley 35/2006 (LIRPF), disposición adicional decimoséptima)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026»; read 20 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): the disposición adicional decimoséptima says that references in other provisions to the earlier IRPF laws and to the earlier texto refundido of the IRPF are to be understood as references to the corresponding provisions of the Ley. This page does not map any article of the earlier texts to any article of the Ley.

Who is a non-resident taxpayer, as the TRLIRNR words it

Art. 5 of the TRLIRNR (Real Decreto Legislativo 5/2004) says, in its lead-in and letra a):

“Artículo 5. Contribuyentes. Son contribuyentes por este impuesto: a) Las personas físicas y entidades no residentes en territorio español conforme al artículo 6 que obtengan rentas en él, salvo que sean contribuyentes por el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas.” (Real Decreto Legislativo 5/2004 (TRLIRNR), art. 5, lead-in and letra a))
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 25/05/2023»; read 20 October 2026

Art. 5, letra b), says, as the BOE prints it:

“b) Las personas físicas que sean residentes en España por alguna de las circunstancias previstas en el artículo 9.4 del texto refundido de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 3/2004, de 5 de marzo.” (Real Decreto Legislativo 5/2004 (TRLIRNR), art. 5, letra b))
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 25/05/2023»; read 20 October 2026

Art. 6 says:

“Artículo 6. Residencia en territorio español. La residencia en territorio español se determinará de acuerdo con lo dispuesto en el artículo 9 del texto refundido de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 3/2004, de 5 de marzo, y en el artículo 8.1 del texto refundido de la Ley del Impuesto sobre Sociedades, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 4/2004, de 5 de marzo.” (Real Decreto Legislativo 5/2004 (TRLIRNR), art. 6)
Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 25/05/2023»; read 20 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): art. 5.a) names as taxpayers of the IRNR individuals and entities not resident in Spanish territory under art. 6 who obtain income there, unless they are taxpayers of the IRPF; art. 5.b) refers to individuals who are residents in Spain by the circumstances of an article of the earlier IRPF text, which it names; art. 6 says residence in Spanish territory is determined under an article of that earlier text and under an article of the earlier corporate tax text. This page does not say which article of the Ley del IRPF those references now point to.

How the AEAT words residence for the IRPF

The AEAT's page «Residencia de las personas físicas y jurídicas» shows, as its subtitle and in two lines of its Normativa list:

“Conoce cuáles son los criterios que determinan la condición de residente fiscal en España … Artículos 8 y 9 de la Ley del IRPF … Artículo 6 texto refundido Ley IRNR” (AEAT, «Residencia de las personas físicas y jurídicas»: the subtitle and two lines of the Normativa list, the rest of the page not quoted)
Página actualizada: 12/junio/2026; read 20 October 2026

The AEAT's page «Persona física residente en España» opens its list of circumstances with:

“Se entiende que una persona física tiene su residencia habitual en España cuando se dé cualquiera de las siguientes circunstancias:” (AEAT, «Persona física residente en España»: the lead-in to its list of circumstances)
Página actualizada: 21/julio/2026; read 20 October 2026

Its list is not quoted here; the circumstances are quoted from the BOE text above. The same page says:

“Una persona física será residente o no residente durante todo el año natural ya que el cambio de residencia no supone la interrupción del período impositivo.” (AEAT, «Persona física residente en España»: the sentence on the whole calendar year)
Página actualizada: 21/julio/2026; read 20 October 2026

The AEAT's page «Clases de contribuyentes en la imposición sobre la renta» shows «Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024». It says, in its first paragraph and then on the taxpayers of the IRPF:

“Ser residente fiscal en España o en el extranjero conlleva obligaciones tributarias diferentes. Los contribuyentes que tienen la residencia fiscal en España tributan por su renta mundial. En cambio, los que residen en el extranjero solo tributan en España por las rentas que se consideren obtenidas en territorio español. En ambos casos, la tributación ha de entenderse sin perjuicio de las disposiciones de un Convenio para evitar la doble imposición que resulte aplicable.” (AEAT, «Clases de contribuyentes en la imposición sobre la renta» (page dated 26/septiembre/2024): first paragraph)
Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024; read 20 October 2026
“Serán contribuyentes por el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas las personas físicas que tengan su residencia fiscal en territorio español. El período impositivo es el año natural, sin que el cambio de residencia suponga la interrupción de dicho período. Por tanto, una persona física será residente o no residente durante todo el año natural.” (AEAT, «Clases de contribuyentes en la imposición sobre la renta» (page dated 26/septiembre/2024): the IRPF taxpayers)
Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024; read 20 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): the AEAT page says that those with tax residence in Spain are taxed on their worldwide income and those resident abroad only on income considered obtained in Spanish territory, in both cases without prejudice to an applicable Convenio; it says the tax period is the calendar year, that a change of residence does not interrupt it, and that a person is resident or non-resident throughout the whole calendar year. This page does not say how a change of residence is treated for any reader.

Where two countries treat a person as resident, the tax treaty between them may apply; not covered.

“Índice de Convenios de doble imposición firmados por España” (AEAT, «Convenios de doble imposición firmados por España»: the heading of its index)
Página actualizada: 01/junio/2026; read 20 October 2026

Residence permit and tax residence: one AEAT sentence

The AEAT says:

“Una persona puede tener permiso de residencia o residencia administrativa en un Estado y no ser considerada residente fiscal en el mismo.” (AEAT, individual resident in Spain)
AEAT page, «Página actualizada: 21/julio/2026»; read 18 October 2026

This page draws no conclusion about any reader from the sentence.

How the AEAT words proof of residence and of non-residence

The AEAT's page «Persona física residente en España» says, on how tax residence is shown:

“Acreditación de la residencia fiscal La residencia fiscal se acredita mediante certificado expedido por la Autoridad Fiscal competente del país de que se trate. El plazo de validez de dichos certificados se extiende a un año.” (AEAT, «Persona física residente en España»: how tax residence is shown)
Página actualizada: 21/julio/2026; read 20 October 2026

The AEAT's page «Acreditación de la no residencia» shows «Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024». It says:

“La condición de no residente se podrá acreditar mediante la aportación de un certificado de residencia en otro Estado emitido por las autoridades fiscales de dicho Estado. El plazo de validez de dichos certificados se extiende a un año.” (AEAT, «Acreditación de la no residencia» (page dated 26/septiembre/2024): how non-residence is shown)
Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024; read 20 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): the first page says tax residence is shown by a certificate issued by the competent tax authority of the country concerned; the second says non-residence may be shown by a certificate of residence in another State issued by that State's tax authorities; both quotes also state a validity period for such certificates. This page does not say what proves any stay or any residence for any reader.

The AEAT's certificate of tax residence

The AEAT's page «Certificados de residencia fiscal» says, in its subtitle:

“Este certificado se emitirá si de los datos que constan en la Agencia Tributaria se deduce tu residencia fiscal en España” (AEAT, «Certificados de residencia fiscal»: its subtitle)
Página actualizada: 12/junio/2026; read 20 October 2026

The AEAT's procedure page G305 is titled:

“Certificados tributarios. Expedición de certificados tributarios. Residencia fiscal” (AEAT, procedure G305: its title)
Página actualizada: 22/enero/2026; read 20 October 2026

Its page «¿Qué certifica?» says:

“Este certificado se emitirá si de los datos que constan en la AEAT se deduce tu residencia fiscal en España. Se debe distinguir los países de residencia en los que existe Convenio de los que no. En los certificados de residencia Fiscal en España para países con Convenio, las autoridades fiscales de España certifican que eres residente en sentido del Convenio entre España y el país de residencia. En los certificados de residencia Fiscal en España para países sin Convenio, las autoridades fiscales en España certifican que eres residente en España. En ambos casos el certificado se expedirá en castellano e inglés.” (AEAT, procedure G305, page «¿Qué certifica?»)
Página actualizada: 21/noviembre/2025; read 20 October 2026

Its page «¿Dónde se obtiene?» says, on requesting the certificate online and then in person (the rest of the second paragraph is not quoted):

“El certificado puede solicitarse y obtenerse en la sede electrónica de la Agencia Tributaria, para lo que es necesario disponer de alguno de los siguientes medios electrónicos de identificación: Certificado electrónico de identificación, DNI electrónico o Cl@ve Móvil.” (AEAT, procedure G305, page «¿Dónde se obtiene?»: online)
Página actualizada: 22/julio/2026; read 20 October 2026
“Para quienes no tengan obligación de relacionarse de forma electrónica, también puede solicitarse de forma presencial, en Delegaciones y Administraciones de la Agencia Tributaria.” (AEAT, procedure G305, page «¿Dónde se obtiene?»: in person, the rest of that paragraph not quoted)
Página actualizada: 22/julio/2026; read 20 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): the AEAT says the certificate is issued if the data it holds show tax residence in Spain; says the certificates differ, in what the Spanish tax authorities certify, between countries with a Convenio and countries without one, and are issued in Spanish and English; and says the certificate is requested online with one of the electronic means of identification it lists, and also in person by those not obliged to deal with the AEAT electronically. This page does not say who may apply, and states no fee.

What we could not confirm

The list in the box at the end of this page, under “What we couldn't confirm officially”, holds what we could not confirm: how any stay or absence is treated; which article of the Ley del IRPF the earlier texts cited in the TRLIRNR now point to; the countries or territories that one sentence of art. 9.1.a) refers to; the texts and pages we did not read; who may apply for the certificate and any fee; and the dates of the pages quoted.

How current each source is

SourceDate shown on the page or documentWe checkedNote
Ley 35/2006 del IRPF, arts. 8 and 9 and disposición adicional decimoséptima (BOE, consolidated) Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 07/10/2026» 20 October 2026 Rows shared with our other guides show the date read for those guides.
Real Decreto Legislativo 5/2004, texto refundido de la Ley del IRNR, arts. 5 and 6 (BOE, consolidated) Texto consolidado: «Última actualización, publicada el 25/05/2023» 20 October 2026
AEAT: Residencia de las personas físicas y jurídicas Página actualizada: 12/junio/2026 20 October 2026
AEAT: Persona física residente en España Página actualizada: 21/julio/2026 20 October 2026 Rows shared with our other guides show the date read for those guides.
AEAT: Clases de contribuyentes en la imposición sobre la renta Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024 20 October 2026
AEAT: Acreditación de la no residencia Página actualizada: 26/septiembre/2024 20 October 2026
AEAT: Certificados de residencia fiscal Página actualizada: 12/junio/2026 20 October 2026
AEAT: Procedure G305, certificados tributarios, residencia fiscal Página actualizada: 22/enero/2026 20 October 2026
AEAT: G305, ¿Qué certifica? Página actualizada: 21/noviembre/2025 20 October 2026
AEAT: G305, ¿Dónde se obtiene? Página actualizada: 22/julio/2026 20 October 2026
AEAT: Convenios de doble imposición firmados por España Página actualizada: 01/junio/2026 20 October 2026

Questions to take to a gestor or tax adviser

  • Ask whether any of the circumstances in article 9.1 of the Ley del IRPF is present in the case at hand, given the texts quoted here.
  • Ask whether the family presumption in article 9.1 is in play for the household at hand.
  • Ask whether any stay or absence at hand changes the position for the calendar year at hand.
  • Ask whether the person at hand is resident or non-resident for the whole calendar year at hand.
  • Ask whether a change of residence during the calendar year changes anything for that year.
  • Ask whether a Convenio between two countries is in play for a person treated as resident in both.
  • Ask whether a certificate of tax residence from another country is relevant to the case at hand.
  • Ask whether the AEAT certificate of tax residence is available for the case at hand.
  • Ask which article of the Ley del IRPF the earlier IRPF texts cited in the TRLIRNR now point to.
  • Ask whether the AEAT pages quoted here are still the current ones.

Where to go next

  1. For the Beckham regime, see our guide to Beckham law and Modelo 149; for the figures, our Beckham law calculator.
  2. For take-home pay, see our salary calculator.
  3. For working remotely from Spain for a UK employer, see our guide to working remotely for a UK employer.
  4. For the annual return, see our guide to the Spanish income tax return.
  5. For rental income of non-residents, see our guide to non-resident rental property tax.
What we couldn't confirm officially
  • How a given stay or absence is treated for the calendar year: no text we read says, so this page quotes the articles as printed and applies none of them. unverified
  • No official text we read says what proves a stay or an absence; this page lists no proof of presence. unverified
  • Which article of the Ley del IRPF, if any, corresponds to art. 9.4 of Real Decreto Legislativo 3/2004, which art. 5.b) of the TRLIRNR cites: this page makes no mapping and quotes the disposición adicional decimoséptima as printed. unverified
  • Which countries or territories count for the sentence in art. 9.1.a) on tax havens: not covered. unverified
  • Whether a residence permit or administrative residence has any bearing on tax residence beyond the one AEAT sentence quoted: neither the Ley del IRPF nor the TRLIRNR text we read contains the words «permiso de residencia» or «residencia administrativa», and immigration law was not searched. unverified
  • The Orden EHA/3316/2010 (BOE-A-2010-19707), which the AEAT procedure page G305 links, was not read; this page says nothing from it. unverified
  • The AEAT service pages for the certificate on the www1.agenciatributaria.gob.es host were not read; this page says nothing from them. unverified
  • The AEAT INFORMA frequently asked questions were not read; this page says nothing from them. unverified
  • Undated AEAT FAQ content was not used: the FAQ and form-handling pages of procedure G305 were read but nothing from them is stored. unverified
  • Who may apply for the certificate of tax residence: this page gives only the AEAT's wording («si de los datos que constan en la Agencia Tributaria se deduce tu residencia fiscal en España») and says nothing further on who applies. unverified
  • No fee for the certificate of tax residence was found on the AEAT pages read; this page states none. unverified
  • The BOE pages print no version line of their own under art. 9 of the Ley del IRPF, its disposición adicional decimoséptima or arts. 5 and 6 of the TRLIRNR, so only the consolidated date of each text is shown; we did not confirm from another source that art. 9 has not been amended. unverified
  • The pages of procedure G305 show different «Página actualizada» dates (22/enero/2026 for the procedure page, 21/noviembre/2025 for «¿Qué certifica?» and 22/julio/2026 for «¿Dónde se obtiene?»); each row shows the date of its own page. unverified

Sources

General information, not legal, tax or financial advice. Rules change: check the official page, or ask a gestor or lawyer, before you act. How we check our sources · All guides