Guide · checked 18 October 2026

Public healthcare in Spain: what the official texts say about access and cover

What the BOE texts (Ley 16/2003, Real Decreto 576/2013), the Seguridad Social and the Ministerio de Sanidad say about public healthcare in Spain: who holds the right, who recognises it, the tarjeta sanitaria individual and the convenio especial; a section on one GOV.UK page for UK nationals (Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022); and what we could not confirm.

This page reports what the official texts and pages say about public healthcare in Spain; it is not advice.

Spain's public health system is the Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). This page reports what the BOE (the official gazette), the Seguridad Social and the Ministerio de Sanidad say about who holds the right to public health care, who recognises it, the individual health card (tarjeta sanitaria individual) and the convenio especial, a paid scheme the law provides for people outside the listed situations. A section of its own reports one GOV.UK page for UK nationals (Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022). It applies none of this to any reader and does not say whether any reader holds the right or receives a card. Quotes are in Spanish (the GOV.UK ones in English), with the article or page, a link, the date that source shows and the day we read it, 18 October 2026. Every BOE quote is from a consolidated text, and the BOE itself says of each that it is informational and has no legal value; that caveat is printed under every BOE quote. The English after a Spanish quote is labelled: either our translation, or, where the wording sets a condition, a summary in the third person that is not a translation. Rules and procedures differ by region and are outside this page: check your region's health service.

The law: who holds the right, and when it is made effective at public expense

The main text is Ley 16/2003, the law on cohesion and quality of the National Health System, in the BOE consolidated text. Its title, then the BOE's caveat, as the BOE page prints them:

“Ley 16/2003, de 28 de mayo, de cohesión y calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud.” (Ley 16/2003, title)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026
“Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.” (Ley 16/2003, BOE caveat)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Law 16/2003, of 28 May, on cohesion and quality of the National Health System. This consolidated text is informational and has no legal value.

Article 3.1 says who holds the right to health protection and to health care:

“Artículo 3. Titulares del derecho a la protección a la salud y a la atención sanitaria. 1. Son titulares del derecho a la protección de la salud y a la atención sanitaria todas las personas con nacionalidad española y las personas extranjeras que tengan establecida su residencia en el territorio español. Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, las personas con derecho a la asistencia sanitaria en España en aplicación de los reglamentos comunitarios de coordinación de sistemas de Seguridad Social o de los convenios bilaterales que comprendan la prestación de asistencia sanitaria, tendrán acceso a la misma, siempre que residan en territorio español o durante sus desplazamientos temporales a España, en la forma, extensión y condiciones establecidos en las disposiciones comunitarias o bilaterales indicadas.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 3.1)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 3 version line «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 3.1 names as holders of the right all persons of Spanish nationality and foreign persons who have established their residence in Spanish territory. A second paragraph says that persons with a right to health care in Spain under the Community regulations on the coordination of social security systems, or under bilateral conventions that include health care benefits, have access to it provided they reside in Spanish territory or during their temporary stays in Spain, in the form, extent and conditions set by those provisions. This page does not say that any reader is a holder.

Article 3.2 then says when the right is made effective at the expense of public funds:

“2. Para hacer efectivo el derecho al que se refiere el apartado 1 con cargo a los fondos públicos de las administraciones competentes, las personas titulares de los citados derechos deberán encontrarse en alguno de los siguientes supuestos: a) Tener nacionalidad española y residencia habitual en el territorio español. b) Tener reconocido su derecho a la asistencia sanitaria en España por cualquier otro título jurídico, aun no teniendo su residencia habitual en territorio español, siempre que no exista un tercero obligado al pago de dicha asistencia. c) Ser persona extranjera y con residencia legal y habitual en el territorio español y no tener la obligación de acreditar la cobertura obligatoria de la prestación sanitaria por otra vía.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 3.2)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 3 version line «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 3.2 provides that, to make the right of 3.1 effective at the expense of the public funds of the competent administrations, its holders are to be in one of three listed situations: (a) Spanish nationality and habitual residence in Spanish territory; (b) a right to health care in Spain recognised on any other legal basis, even without habitual residence in Spanish territory, provided there is no third party obliged to pay for that care; (c) being a foreign person with legal and habitual residence in Spanish territory and having no obligation to prove compulsory health coverage by another route. This page does not say that any reader falls under any of the three.

Article 3.3 and 3.4 follow:

“3. Aquellas personas que de acuerdo con el apartado 2 no tengan derecho a la asistencia sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos, podrán obtener dicha prestación mediante el pago de la correspondiente contraprestación o cuota derivada de la suscripción de un convenio especial. 4. Lo dispuesto en los apartados anteriores de este artículo no modifica el régimen de asistencia sanitaria de las personas titulares o beneficiarias de los regímenes especiales gestionados por la Mutualidad General de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado, la Mutualidad General Judicial y el Instituto Social de las Fuerzas Armadas, que mantendrán su régimen jurídico específico.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 3.3 and 3.4)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 3 version line «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 3.3 provides a route for persons who, under paragraph 2, have no right to health care at the expense of public funds: obtaining the benefit by paying the corresponding consideration or fee derived from signing a convenio especial. Article 3.4 says the preceding paragraphs do not modify the health-care regime of the holders or beneficiaries of the special regimes managed by the bodies it names (the Mutualidad General de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado, the Mutualidad General Judicial and the Instituto Social de las Fuerzas Armadas), which keep their specific legal regime.

The BOE prints notes on the history of article 3 under it. This page quotes one of them, the one that names the Real Decreto-ley of 2018:

“Se modifica por el art. 1.1 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2018, de 27 de julio. Ref. BOE-A-2018-10752” (Ley 16/2003, note printed under art. 3)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 3 version line «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): It is modified by art. 1.1 of Real Decreto-ley 7/2018, of 27 July. Ref. BOE-A-2018-10752.

Article 3 ter is about a different group, foreigners who are not registered or authorised as residents. It is shown for context only and is applied to no reader; this is its title and first paragraph:

“Artículo 3 ter. Protección de la salud y atención sanitaria a las personas extranjeras que encontrándose en España no tengan su residencia legal en el territorio español. 1. Las personas extranjeras no registradas ni autorizadas como residentes en España tienen derecho a la protección de la salud y a la atención sanitaria en las mismas condiciones que las personas con nacionalidad española, tal y como se establece en el artículo 3.1.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 3 ter.1)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 3 ter version line «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Article 3 ter. Protection of health and health care for foreign persons who, being in Spain, do not have their legal residence in Spanish territory. 1. Foreign persons not registered or authorised as residents in Spain have the right to health protection and health care on the same conditions as persons of Spanish nationality, as established in article 3.1.

Who recognises the right, and the tarjeta sanitaria individual

Article 3 bis of the same law is on recognition of the right and on the card:

“Artículo 3 bis. Reconocimiento del derecho a la protección de la salud y a la atención sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos. 1. El reconocimiento y control del derecho a la protección de la salud y a la atención sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos corresponderá al Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social con la colaboración de las entidades y administraciones públicas imprescindibles para comprobar la concurrencia de los requisitos a los que se refiere el artículo 3.2, en la forma en que se determine reglamentariamente. Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el párrafo anterior, la gestión de los derechos de asistencia sanitaria derivados de las normas internacionales de coordinación de los sistemas de seguridad social, así como las demás funciones atribuidas por dichas normas a las instituciones competentes y organismos de enlace, corresponderán al Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social. 2. Una vez reconocido el derecho a la protección de la salud y a la atención sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos, éste se hará efectivo por las administraciones sanitarias competentes, que facilitarán el acceso de los ciudadanos a las prestaciones de asistencia sanitaria mediante la expedición de la tarjeta sanitaria individual.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 3 bis)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 3 bis version line «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 3 bis.1 assigns the recognition and control of the right to health protection and health care at the expense of public funds to the «Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social» (the ministry as the 2018 text names it), with the collaboration of the entities and public administrations needed to check the situations of article 3.2. Its second paragraph assigns to the Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social the management of the health-care rights derived from the international rules on the coordination of social security systems. Article 3 bis.2 says that once the right is recognised it is made effective by the competent health administrations, which facilitate access to health-care benefits by issuing the tarjeta sanitaria individual.

Article 57 describes the card (paragraphs 1 and 2, in full; paragraphs 3 to 5 are not quoted):

“Artículo 57. La tarjeta sanitaria individual. 1. El acceso de los ciudadanos a las prestaciones de la atención sanitaria que proporciona el Sistema Nacional de Salud se facilitará a través de la tarjeta sanitaria individual, como documento administrativo que acredita determinados datos de su titular, a los que se refiere el apartado siguiente. La tarjeta sanitaria individual atenderá a los criterios establecidos con carácter general en la Unión Europea. 2. Sin perjuicio de su gestión en el ámbito territorial respectivo por cada comunidad autónoma y de la gestión unitaria que corresponda a otras Administraciones públicas en razón de determinados colectivos, las tarjetas incluirán, de manera normalizada, los datos básicos de identificación del titular de la tarjeta, del derecho que le asiste en relación con la prestación farmacéutica y del servicio de salud o entidad responsable de la asistencia sanitaria. Los dispositivos que las tarjetas incorporen para almacenar la información básica y las aplicaciones que la traten deberán permitir que la lectura y comprobación de los datos sea técnicamente posible en todo el territorio del Estado y para todas las Administraciones públicas. Para ello, el Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, en colaboración con las comunidades autónomas y demás Administraciones públicas competentes, establecerá los requisitos y los estándares necesarios.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 57.1 and 57.2)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 57: no modification note or version list is printed under it in the consolidated text (the law's «Texto inicial publicado el 29/05/2003»); the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 57.1 describes the tarjeta sanitaria individual as the administrative document through which access to the benefits of the SNS is facilitated, and which certifies certain data of its holder. Article 57.2 says that, without prejudice to its management in each autonomous community's area and to the unitary management by other Public Administrations for certain groups, the cards include in a standardised way the basic identification data of the holder, of the holder's right in relation to the pharmaceutical benefit and of the health service or entity responsible for health care. Paragraph 1 also has a sentence on the criteria that apply in the European Union, and paragraph 2 sentences on the technical reading of the data and on requirements and standards, which this summary does not repeat.

The Ministerio de Sanidad's page on the card shows no date. It says:

“La Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual (TSI) es el documento oficial, necesario y suficiente, establecido para la identificación de cada ciudadano en el acceso a las prestaciones y uso de los servicios del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), según establece en la Ley 16/2003, de 28 de mayo, de cohesión y calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud. La emiten las Administraciones sanitarias autonómicas y el Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria (INGESA) a las personas residentes en su ámbito territorial que tengan acreditado el derecho a la asistencia sanitaria pública. La TSI emitida por cualquiera de las Administraciones sanitarias competentes es válida en todo el Sistema Nacional de Salud, lo que permite el acceso a los centros y servicios sanitarios del SNS, facilita el acceso a las prestaciones sanitarias y la identificación en la farmacia para que les sean dispensados los medicamentos que les han sido prescritos en receta electrónica o física.” (Ministerio de Sanidad, Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «© Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social»); read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): The Individual Health Card (TSI) is the official document, necessary and sufficient, established for the identification of each citizen in access to the benefits and use of the services of the National Health System (SNS), as established in Ley 16/2003, of 28 May, on cohesion and quality of the National Health System. It is issued by the regional health administrations and the Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria (INGESA) to persons resident in their territorial area who have accredited the right to public health care. The TSI issued by any of the competent health administrations is valid throughout the SNS, which allows access to the health centres and services of the SNS, facilitates access to health benefits and identification at the pharmacy so that the medicines prescribed to them, by electronic or paper prescription, are dispensed.

“La gestión general de la TSI está encomendada a las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA), quienes dotan a cada persona tenedora de la tarjeta de un Código de Identificación Personal propio de cada ámbito territorial (CIP-CA).” (Ministerio de Sanidad, Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «© Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social»); read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): The general management of the TSI is entrusted to the Autonomous Communities (CCAA), which provide each holder of the card with a Personal Identification Code specific to each territorial area (CIP-CA).

Article 3 bis.2 speaks of the competent health administrations; the ministry page names the regional health administrations and INGESA as the issuers, and the Comunidades Autónomas as the managers. Documents, offices and procedures differ by region and are outside this page.

The convenio especial and Real Decreto 576/2013

Article 3.3 of the law, quoted above, provides for a convenio especial. The BOE instrument that sets its basic requirements is Real Decreto 576/2013. Its title and its object, as the BOE consolidated text prints them:

“Real Decreto 576/2013, de 26 de julio, por el que se establecen los requisitos básicos del convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria a personas que no tengan la condición de aseguradas ni de beneficiarias del Sistema Nacional de Salud y se modifica el Real Decreto 1192/2012, de 3 de agosto, por el que se regula la condición de asegurado y de beneficiario a efectos de la asistencia sanitaria en España, con cargo a fondos públicos, a través del Sistema Nacional de Salud.” (Real Decreto 576/2013, title)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 576/2013, «Texto inicial publicado el 27/07/2013» (the BOE lists no later version); the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026
“Este real decreto tiene por objeto establecer los requisitos básicos del convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria previsto en el artículo 3.5 de la Ley 16/2003, de 28 de mayo, de cohesión y calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud.” (Real Decreto 576/2013, art. 1)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 576/2013, «Texto inicial publicado el 27/07/2013» (the BOE lists no later version); the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Real Decreto 576/2013, of 26 July, establishing the basic requirements of the special agreement for the provision of health care to persons who have neither the status of insured persons nor of beneficiaries of the National Health System, and amending Real Decreto 1192/2012, of 3 August, which regulates the status of insured person and beneficiary for the purposes of health care in Spain, at the expense of public funds, through the National Health System. This royal decree has as its object to establish the basic requirements of the special agreement for the provision of health care foreseen in article 3.5 of Ley 16/2003, of 28 May, on cohesion and quality of the National Health System.

Flag. The BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 576/2013 lists no version after the initial text of 27/07/2013. It refers to articles 2, 3 (and 4) of Real Decreto 1192/2012, which the BOE now shows as derogated (Real Decreto-ley 7/2018), and to «artículo 3.5» of Ley 16/2003, whereas today's consolidated art. 3 has the convenio especial in 3.3. We found no text that updates those references.

The paragraph number, side by side and not reconciled: Real Decreto 576/2013 says «artículo 3.5» (quoted above); the consolidated Ley 16/2003, article 3.3, quoted above, has the convenio especial; the Seguridad Social page, quoted below, writes «artículo 3.3».

Article 2 says who signs the convenio, with whom, and what it gives access to:

“1. El convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria será suscrito por las personas que, residiendo en España, cumplan los requisitos previstos en el artículo 3 con el Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria o con la administración pública autonómica que corresponda, en función del municipio en el que aquellas se encuentren empadronadas. 2. El convenio especial permitirá a las personas que lo suscriban acceder, mediante el pago de la contraprestación económica regulada en el artículo 6, a las prestaciones de la cartera común básica de servicios asistenciales del Sistema Nacional de Salud regulada en el artículo 8 bis de la Ley 16/2003, de 28 de mayo, con las mismas garantías de extensión, continuidad asistencial y cobertura de que disfrutan las personas que ostentan la condición de aseguradas o de beneficiarias del Sistema Nacional de Salud, en el ámbito correspondiente a la administración pública con la que se formaliza el mismo y sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en la disposición adicional primera de este real decreto.” (Real Decreto 576/2013, art. 2.1 and 2.2)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 576/2013, «Texto inicial publicado el 27/07/2013» (the BOE lists no later version); the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 2.1 says the convenio especial is signed by persons who, residing in Spain, meet the requirements of article 3, with the Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria or with the corresponding autonomous public administration, according to the municipality in which they are registered on the padrón. Article 2.2 says the convenio gives access, in return for the economic consideration regulated in its article 6, to the benefits of the cartera común básica regulated in article 8 bis of Ley 16/2003, with the same guarantees of extent, continuity of care and coverage as persons with the status of insured persons or beneficiaries, within the area of the administration with which it is formalised and without prejudice to its first additional provision. This page gives no amount.

Article 2.2 points to article 8 bis of Ley 16/2003, on the cartera común básica:

“Artículo 8 bis. Cartera común básica de servicios asistenciales del Sistema Nacional de Salud. 1. La cartera común básica de servicios asistenciales del Sistema Nacional de Salud comprende todas las actividades asistenciales de prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación que se realicen en centros sanitarios o sociosanitarios, así como el transporte sanitario urgente, cubiertos de forma completa por financiación pública.” (Ley 16/2003, art. 8 bis.1)
BOE consolidated text of Ley 16/2003, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; art. 8 bis version line «Texto añadido, publicado el 24/04/2012, en vigor a partir del 24/04/2012»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Article 8 bis. Basic common portfolio of health-care services of the National Health System. 1. The basic common portfolio of health-care services of the National Health System comprises all the health-care activities of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation carried out in health or social-health centres, as well as urgent health transport, covered in full by public funding.

The BOE prints this line under the article as a note on its history, not as part of the article: «Se añade por el art. 2.2 del Real Decreto-ley 16/2012, de 20 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2012-5403.» In English (our translation): It is added by art. 2.2 of Real Decreto-ley 16/2012, of 20 April.

Article 3 of Real Decreto 576/2013 lists requirements for signing and keeping the convenio. It is quoted with the flag above:

“Artículo 3. Requisitos para la suscripción y el mantenimiento del convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria. Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 7.3 de este real decreto, podrán suscribir el convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria aquellas personas que residan en España y que, no teniendo la condición de aseguradas ni de beneficiarias del Sistema Nacional de Salud conforme a lo dispuesto en los artículos 2 y 3 del Real Decreto 1192/2012, de 3 de agosto, por el que se regula la condición de asegurado y de beneficiario a efectos de la asistencia sanitaria en España, con cargo a fondos públicos, a través del Sistema Nacional de Salud, reúnan los siguientes requisitos: a) Acreditar la residencia efectiva en España durante un período continuado mínimo de un año inmediatamente anterior a la fecha de la solicitud del convenio especial. b) Estar empadronadas, en el momento de presentar la solicitud de suscripción del convenio especial, en algún municipio perteneciente al ámbito territorial al que extienda sus competencias la administración pública competente para su suscripción. c) No tener acceso a un sistema de protección sanitaria pública por cualquier otro título, ya sea por aplicación de la normativa nacional, de los reglamentos comunitarios en materia de Seguridad Social o de los convenios bilaterales que en dicha materia hayan sido suscritos por España con otros países.” (Real Decreto 576/2013, art. 3)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 576/2013, «Texto inicial publicado el 27/07/2013» (the BOE lists no later version); the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): article 3 names persons who reside in Spain and who, lacking the status of insured persons or beneficiaries of the SNS under articles 2 and 3 of Real Decreto 1192/2012, may sign the convenio if they meet three listed requirements: (a) accrediting effective residence in Spain for a continuous minimum period of one year immediately before the date of the application; (b) being registered on the padrón, when submitting the application, in a municipality within the territorial area of the competent administration; (c) having no access to a system of public health protection on any other basis, whether under national rules, Community social security regulations or bilateral conventions.

Flag, as above. Articles 2 and 3 of Real Decreto 1192/2012, to which this article refers, are shown by the BOE as derogated (next section), and the instrument words the convenio as «artículo 3.5» where the consolidated Ley 16/2003 has it in 3.3. Whether these requirements still operate exactly as written is not established from the texts we read.

How the BOE shows the articles that Real Decreto 576/2013 refers to

The BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 1192/2012 shows its articles 2, 3 and 4 as follows:

“Artículo 2. De la condición de asegurado. (Derogado). Se deroga por la disposición derogatoria única del Real Decreto-ley 7/2018, de 27 de julio. Ref. BOE-A-2018-10752” (Real Decreto 1192/2012, art. 2)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 1192/2012, header «Última actualización publicada el 12/03/2026»; version line of this article «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026
“Artículo 3. De la condición de beneficiario de una persona asegurada. (Derogado). Se deroga por la disposición derogatoria única del Real Decreto-ley 7/2018, de 27 de julio. Ref. BOE-A-2018-10752” (Real Decreto 1192/2012, art. 3)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 1192/2012, header «Última actualización publicada el 12/03/2026»; version line of this article «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026
“Artículo 4. Reconocimiento de la condición de asegurado o de beneficiario. (Derogado). Se deroga por la disposición derogatoria única del Real Decreto-ley 7/2018, de 27 de julio. Ref. BOE-A-2018-10752” (Real Decreto 1192/2012, art. 4)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 1192/2012, header «Última actualización publicada el 12/03/2026»; version line of this article «Última actualización, publicada el 30/07/2018, en vigor a partir del 31/07/2018»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Article 2. On the status of insured person. (Repealed). It is repealed by the single repealing provision of Real Decreto-ley 7/2018, of 27 July. Ref. BOE-A-2018-10752. Article 3 (On the status of beneficiary of an insured person) and article 4 (Recognition of the status of insured person or of beneficiary) carry the same note.

The same text shows the third additional provision, on the convenio especial, as follows:

“Disposición adicional tercera. Convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria. (Derogada) Se deroga por la disposición derogatora única del Real Decreto 180/2026, de 11 de marzo. Ref. BOE-A-2026-5714 Se suprime el apartado segundo por la disposición final 4.1 del Real Decreto 576/2013, de 26 de julio. Ref. BOE-A-2013-8190.” (Real Decreto 1192/2012, disposición adicional tercera)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 1192/2012, header «Última actualización publicada el 12/03/2026»; version line of this disposición «Última actualización, publicada el 12/03/2026, en vigor a partir del 13/03/2026»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Third additional provision. Special agreement for the provision of health care. (Repealed). It is repealed by the single repealing provision of Real Decreto 180/2026, of 11 March. Ref. BOE-A-2026-5714. The second apartado is suppressed by final provision 4.1 of Real Decreto 576/2013, of 26 July. Ref. BOE-A-2013-8190.

Real Decreto 180/2026 is about a different group, foreign persons without legal residence. It is quoted only because the BOE note on the third additional provision names it as the instrument that repeals it, and is applied to no reader. Its title, and the derogation clause as the BOE prints it:

“Real Decreto 180/2026, de 11 de marzo, por el que se regula el reconocimiento del derecho a la protección de la salud y a la atención sanitaria con cargo a fondos públicos de las personas extranjeras que encontrándose en España no tengan su residencia legal en el territorio español.” (Real Decreto 180/2026, title)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 180/2026, «Texto inicial publicado el 12/03/2026»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026
“Queda derogado el apartado segundo de la disposición adicional segunda, así como las disposiciones adicionales primera, tercera, cuarta, quinta, sexta, octava y novena del Real Decreto 1192/2012, de 3 de agosto, por el que se regula la condición de asegurado y de beneficiario a efectos de la asistencia sanitaria en España, con cargo a fondos públicos, a través del Sistema Nacional de Salud, así como cuantas disposiciones de igual o inferior rango se opongan, contradigan o resulten incompatibles con lo dispuesto en este real decreto.” (Real Decreto 180/2026, derogation clause)
BOE consolidated text of Real Decreto 180/2026, «Texto inicial publicado el 12/03/2026»; the BOE says of this consolidated text: «Este texto consolidado es de carácter informativo y no tiene valor jurídico.»; read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Real Decreto 180/2026, of 11 March, regulating the recognition of the right to health protection and health care at the expense of public funds of foreign persons who, being in Spain, do not have their legal residence in Spanish territory. The second apartado of the second additional provision is repealed, as are the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and ninth additional provisions of Real Decreto 1192/2012, of 3 August, which regulates the status of insured person and beneficiary for the purposes of health care in Spain, at the expense of public funds, through the National Health System, as well as all provisions of equal or lower rank that oppose, contradict or are incompatible with what is provided in this royal decree.

We found no text that updates the references in Real Decreto 576/2013; see the list of what we could not confirm.

What the Seguridad Social page says

The Seguridad Social page on health care, Titulares / Requisitos, shows no date. Its sentences are quoted as the page's own words, not as the law. On the situation of article 3.2.c), on who checks, and on proof of residence, the page says:

“Ser persona extranjera y con residencia legal y habitual en el territorio español y no tener la obligación de acreditar la cobertura obligatoria de la prestación sanitaria por otra vía. La comprobación de estos requisitos actualmente corresponde al Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social y al Instituto Social de la Marina en sus respectivos ámbitos de gestión. La residencia legal de los extranjeros se acredita con el correspondiente permiso de residencia. La residencia habitual se certifica con el empadronamiento.” (Seguridad Social page, Titulares / Requisitos)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026»); read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Being a foreign person with legal and habitual residence in Spanish territory and having no obligation to prove compulsory health coverage by another route. The checking of these requirements currently corresponds to the Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social and the Instituto Social de la Marina in their respective management areas. The legal residence of foreigners is accredited with the corresponding residence permit. Habitual residence is certified with the empadronamiento.

The last two sentences are the Seguridad Social page's own; they do not appear in the text of article 3 quoted above, and this page does not turn them into a rule for any reader.

Two texts word who checks the requirements of article 3.2, each in its own words, shown side by side and not reconciled. Article 3 bis.1, in the BOE text quoted above, says the recognition and control «corresponderá al Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social» (as that text names it) with the collaboration of the entities and administrations needed to check the requirements; the Seguridad Social page says «La comprobación de estos requisitos actualmente corresponde al Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social y al Instituto Social de la Marina en sus respectivos ámbitos de gestión». This page does not say which body recognises the right of any person.

On the convenio especial the page says:

“Aquellas personas que no se encuentren en ninguna de las situaciones anteriores, podrán obtener dicha prestación mediante el pago de la correspondiente contraprestación o cuota derivada de la suscripción de un convenio especial.” (Seguridad Social page, Titulares / Requisitos)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026»); read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): the page says that persons who are in none of the preceding situations may obtain the benefit by paying the corresponding consideration or fee derived from signing a convenio especial.

“A efectos de lo dispuesto en el artículo 3.3 de la Ley 16/2003, de 28 de mayo, podrán obtener la prestación de asistencia sanitaria mediante el pago de la correspondiente contraprestación o cuota derivada de la suscripción de un convenio especial aquellas personas que, no teniendo la condición de aseguradas o beneficiarias, no tengan acceso a un sistema de protección sanitaria pública por cualquier otro título.” (Seguridad Social page, convenio especial)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026»); read 18 October 2026

In short (our summary, not a translation): the page cites article 3.3 of Ley 16/2003 and says that persons who, not having the status of insured persons or beneficiaries, have no access to a system of public health protection on any other basis may obtain the health-care benefit by paying the corresponding consideration or fee derived from signing a convenio especial.

Three wordings of who handles the convenio, side by side and not reconciled. Real Decreto 576/2013, article 2.1, quoted above, says the convenio is signed «con el Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria o con la administración pública autonómica que corresponda, en función del municipio en el que aquellas se encuentren empadronadas». The Seguridad Social page, in two lines of its own:

“La gestión de los convenios especiales corresponde a las CCAA (Servicios Públicos de Salud).” (Seguridad Social page, Titulares / Requisitos)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026»); read 18 October 2026
“La competencia para el reconocimiento del derecho a la asistencia sanitaria a través del Convenio especial corresponde al Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria” (Seguridad Social page, convenio especial)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026»); read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): The management of the special agreements corresponds to the CCAA (Public Health Services). The competence for the recognition of the right to health care through the special agreement corresponds to the Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria. This page shows the three statements as worded and does not say which administration signs the convenio for any person.

The page also has a section headed with a citation of article 51 of the Texto Refundido de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social (TRLGSS), an article we did not read. The page says, citing art. 51 TRLGSS:

“Mantenimiento del requisito de residencia efectiva (art. 51 TRLGSS) A efectos del mantenimiento del derecho de las prestaciones sanitarias en las que se exija la residencia efectiva en territorio español, se entenderá que el beneficiario de dichas prestaciones tiene su residencia habitual en España aun cuando haya tenido estancias en el extranjero siempre que éstas no superen los 90 días a lo largo de cada año natural.” (Seguridad Social page, heading citing art. 51 TRLGSS)
Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026»); read 18 October 2026

In English (our translation): Maintaining the requirement of effective residence (art. 51 TRLGSS). For the purposes of maintaining the right to the health benefits for which effective residence in Spanish territory is required, the beneficiary of those benefits is understood to have habitual residence in Spain even if they have had stays abroad, provided these do not exceed 90 days over each calendar year.

What GOV.UK says for UK nationals

This section reports one GOV.UK page, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain (Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022). Its wording is GOV.UK's, not a BOE or ministry text. The page predates the 2026 changes in the BOE texts above, and we found no BOE or ministry text on the healthcare of UK nationals after Brexit; this page does not say what cover a UK national holds.

The page opens with:

“How to get state healthcare if you live, work or study in Spain.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026

Later it says:

“All residents in Spain need to register to access healthcare.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026

We did not find that sentence in the BOE texts quoted on this page.

The page lists the ways UK nationals usually access the Spanish national health system:

“UK nationals usually access the Spanish national health system in one of these ways: through entitlement to healthcare if they’re employed or self-employed and make social security contributions in Spain registering a UK-issued S1 form with the social security office (see ‘UK-funded healthcare: getting and using an S1 form in Spain’ below) through entitlement to healthcare as a permanent resident if they’ve lived in Spain for 5 years paying directly into the public health insurance scheme (Convenio Especial) using a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) for temporary stays when studying, or as a posted (detached) worker” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026

The five-year route in that list is the page's statement; we did not find it in the other sources quoted on this page. The steps to get and register an S1 are not re-quoted.

On the S1, the page has these four sentences, quoted one by one because they are not contiguous on the page. The second follows, on the page, a sentence about registering the form with the INSS, which this page does not re-quote:

“You may be entitled to state healthcare paid for by the UK if you’re a resident in Spain and receive a UK State Pension or an exportable benefit.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026
“This will mean you and your dependants will be entitled to state healthcare on the same basis as a Spanish citizen.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026
“If the UK pays for your healthcare, for example through an S1 form, you cannot register for healthcare as a permanent resident.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026
“If the UK pays for your healthcare, for example through an S1, you cannot join the Convenio Especial.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026

On the card after registering, the page says:

“Once you’re registered for healthcare, you’ll get a health insurance card. Take it with you whenever you visit a doctor, hospital or pharmacy.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026

On the Convenio Especial the page says the following. It is set beside requirements (a) and (b) of article 3 of Real Decreto 576/2013, quoted above with its flag:

“If you are not a permanent resident and you are not working” … “If you’ve lived in Spain for over one year, you can apply to join the public health insurance scheme. This is called the Convenio Especial. You pay a monthly fee to join the scheme, which gives you access to the Spanish health system. You can apply if you’ve been registered on the ‘padrón’ (at your local town hall) for at least one year.” (GOV.UK, Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain)
GOV.UK page, Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022; read 18 October 2026

Side by side, not reconciled. Real Decreto 576/2013, art. 3.a), words the first requirement as «Acreditar la residencia efectiva en España durante un período continuado mínimo de un año inmediatamente anterior a la fecha de la solicitud del convenio especial» and art. 3.b) as «Estar empadronadas, en el momento de presentar la solicitud de suscripción del convenio especial, en algún municipio perteneciente al ámbito territorial al que extienda sus competencias la administración pública competente para su suscripción». In short (our summary, not a translation): (a) accrediting effective residence in Spain for a continuous minimum period of one year immediately before the date of the application; (b) being registered on the padrón, at the time of submitting the application, in a municipality within the territorial area of the competent administration. The GOV.UK page (Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022) words the year and the padrón in its own terms. This page does not harmonise them.

For the insurance a Spanish visa asks for, see our guide to health insurance for a Spanish visa.

See also our guide to TIE renewal and long-term residence in Spain.

For what US sources say about Medicare outside the United States, see our guide for US citizens.

What we could not confirm

  • Whether Real Decreto 576/2013 still operates exactly as written. The BOE consolidated text lists no version after its initial text of 27/07/2013. It refers to articles 2, 3 (and 4) of Real Decreto 1192/2012, which the BOE now shows as derogated (Real Decreto-ley 7/2018), and to «artículo 3.5» of Ley 16/2003, whereas today's consolidated art. 3 has the convenio especial in 3.3. We found no text that updates those references. unverified
  • The five-year "permanent resident" route and the rules for EU citizens: only GOV.UK, last updated 27 July 2022, states the five-year route among the sources we read; Real Decreto 240/2007 was not read. unverified
  • Any current monthly contribution for the convenio especial: this page gives no amount. unverified
  • Article 51 of the Texto Refundido de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social (the 90-day stays): quoted only as the Seguridad Social page words it; we did not read the article itself. unverified
  • Healthcare for UK nationals after Brexit: we found no BOE or ministry text on it. The Withdrawal Agreement and Real Decreto 240/2007 were not read, and the only UK source is the GOV.UK page, last updated 27 July 2022, which predates the 2026 changes in the BOE texts above. This page does not say what cover a UK national holds. unverified
  • Older modification notes printed under article 3 of Ley 16/2003: not quoted and not relied on. unverified
  • How current the Seguridad Social page is: it shows no date and still cites provisions of Real Decreto 1192/2012 that the BOE shows as repealed. unverified
  • Whether registration on the padrón is needed for the tarjeta sanitaria: not established from the texts read. unverified
  • The tarjeta sanitaria in practice: which documents, which office, how long it takes and what happens in each autonomous community. This page gives no regional procedure. unverified
  • The rules for the Tarjeta Sanitaria Europea, the EHIC and the GHIC, the steps to register an S1 and the INSS online service: not read from any Spanish source. unverified
  • Any US citizen's position under these rules: this page quotes no text on it and says nothing about it. unverified
  • Who counts as a beneficiario (a dependant) of an insured person: the Seguridad Social page describes it, but the BOE shows the article of Real Decreto 1192/2012 on it as derogated, so this page does not quote it. unverified
  • The mutualidades beyond article 3.4 of Ley 16/2003, and the other provisions that implement the convenio especial: not read. unverified
  • The operative procedure of Real Decreto 180/2026: it concerns people without legal residence, and this page quotes only its title and derogation clause. unverified
  • Private health insurance for a Spanish visa: outside this page; see the guide on health insurance for a visa. unverified
  • Whether a person who signs a convenio especial receives a tarjeta sanitaria: not established from the texts read. unverified

How current each source is

SourceDate shown on the pageWe read it
BOE: Ley 16/2003 de cohesión y calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud (consolidated text) BOE consolidated text, header «Última actualización publicada el 03/10/2026»; each quoted article shows its own version line; the BOE says the consolidated text is informational and has no legal value 18 October 2026
BOE: Real Decreto 576/2013, convenio especial de prestación de asistencia sanitaria (consolidated text) BOE consolidated text, «Texto inicial publicado el 27/07/2013»; no later version listed; the BOE says the consolidated text is informational and has no legal value 18 October 2026
BOE: Real Decreto 1192/2012, condición de asegurado y de beneficiario (consolidated text) BOE consolidated text, header «Última actualización publicada el 12/03/2026»; each quoted article shows its own version line; the BOE says the consolidated text is informational and has no legal value 18 October 2026
BOE: Real Decreto 180/2026 (consolidated text) BOE consolidated text, «Texto inicial publicado el 12/03/2026»; the BOE says the consolidated text is informational and has no legal value 18 October 2026
Seguridad Social: Asistencia sanitaria, Titulares / Requisitos Page shows no date (its footer reads «Copyright © Seguridad Social 2026») 18 October 2026
Ministerio de Sanidad: Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual Page shows no date (its footer reads «© Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social») 18 October 2026
GOV.UK: Healthcare for UK nationals living in Spain Published 23 September 2019; last updated 27 July 2022 18 October 2026

Questions

Questions to take to the region's health service or the Seguridad Social

  • Ask whether the situation is one of those that article 3.2 of Ley 16/2003 lists for making the right effective at public expense.
  • Ask whether the convenio especial of article 3.3 is open in the situation.
  • Ask whether the requirements of Real Decreto 576/2013 are applied as written, given that the BOE shows articles of Real Decreto 1192/2012 it refers to as derogated.
  • Ask whether the Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria or the administration of the autonomous community signs the convenio especial for the municipality.
  • Ask whether a convenio especial brings a tarjeta sanitaria individual.
  • Ask whether the region's health service issues the tarjeta sanitaria individual in the situation, and which documents it asks for.
  • Ask whether registration on the padrón is needed for the tarjeta sanitaria individual.
  • Ask whether the GOV.UK page for UK nationals, last updated on 27 July 2022, still matches what the Spanish authorities apply.