Guide · checked 18 October 2026

Empadronamiento (the padrón) in Spain

The padrón is the register of a municipality's residents. Here is what the official texts say about who must register, what registration proves and does not prove, and the two-year renewal for some foreigners, with what we could not confirm.

This guide reports what the official texts say about the padrón, the municipal register of residents, and about registering on it (empadronamiento). It covers who the law says must be on it, what that registration proves and does not prove, what an ayuntamiento (town or city council) may ask for, and the renewal rule for some foreigners. It does not tell you what to do or by when, and it does not say which other procedures ask for a padrón certificate: see what we could not confirm at the end of the page. Quotes are in Spanish, the language of the source (one is in English, from an ayuntamiento's English page), with the article or page section, a link and the version date the source shows. The sentences that follow a quote are our own summary of it, not a translation to rely on. Two ayuntamientos' pages are quoted as examples, each one town's rules. They are not national rules.

If you read only one thing

  • Ley 7/1985 (art. 15) says every person who lives in Spain is obliged to register on the padrón of the municipality where they usually live: see who must register.
  • Art. 18.2 says registering a foreigner on the padrón is not proof of legal residence in Spain and gives no rights beyond those the law already gives: see what registration proves.
  • Art. 16.1 says the registration of the foreigners it describes, those without long-term residence authorisation who are outside the EU and EEA group, must be renewed every two years, and that it may be declared expired without a hearing if it is not: see the renewal section.
  • We could not confirm a deadline for registering after arrival, national fees, appointments or processing times, or whether other procedures need a padrón certificate: see the list at the end.

Words used on this page

  • Padrón (padrón municipal): the municipal register that the texts quoted below describe.
  • Ayuntamiento: the town or city council, which the texts quoted below name as the body that keeps the padrón.
  • Vecino: the word the texts use for a person registered on a municipality's padrón; the law quoted below says when one becomes a vecino.
  • Hoja padronal: the registration sheet; the Reglamento quoted below also says formularios (forms).
  • Certificación and volante de empadronamiento: the two kinds of document issued from the padrón that the quotes below name; the quotes say how the texts describe each.
  • Caducidad: expiry of a registration, the word art. 16.1 uses.
  • Silencio positivo: the term the 2020 instructions use for what follows when no decision is notified in time; the quote says what they say follows.
  • INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística): the national statistics institute, which the texts name in connection with the padrón. INE/DGCAL is the INE together with the Dirección General de Cooperación Autonómica y Local, the two bodies named as authors of the 2020 instructions.
  • ENCSARP: an abbreviation used on the Valencia page quoted below, which spells it out.

At a glance

QuestionWhat the texts say, in shortRead
Who must register? Ley 7/1985, art. 15: every person who lives in Spain, on the padrón of the municipality where they usually live (or, if they live in several, the one where they spend most of the year). Who must register
What does registration prove? Its data are proof of residence in the municipality and of the usual address (art. 16.1). For foreigners it is not proof of legal residence in Spain (art. 18.2). Who must register, what it proves
Does it have to be renewed? For the foreigners art. 16.1 describes, every two years; the same article says expiry may be declared without a prior hearing. Renewal
Where is it kept, and what is recorded? The ayuntamiento keeps it; the INE's page says to apply there, not at the INE. Art. 16.2 lists the mandatory data. Where it is kept, What is recorded
What may the ayuntamiento ask for? The Reglamento lets it check the data with documents. The 2020 instructions to ayuntamientos say they describe identity and address documents. The two ayuntamientos' own lists are in the local examples. Documents, Local examples
How long does it take? The 2020 instructions to ayuntamientos say there is a general three-month limit where the ayuntamiento runs checks, and silencio positivo. We give no national processing time. Processing
Fees and appointments? Not confirmed nationally. Valencia's own page says all padrón procedures are free and offers a cita previa; that is one ayuntamiento's page. Local examples

Dating: Ley 7/1985, consolidated text, last updated on the BOE 03/10/2026; RD 1690/1986, consolidated text, last updated 07/02/2024 (RD 141/2024); INE/DGCAL instructions of 17/02/2020, consolidated text last updated 08/02/2023; LO 4/2000, consolidated 19/03/2025. Each quote shows the version date of its own article or section. Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions.

The texts this guide quotes

Four legal texts are quoted. Ley 7/1985, the local government law, has the padrón rules in arts. 15 to 18. The Reglamento de Población y Demarcación Territorial de las Entidades Locales (Real Decreto 1690/1986) sets out the register in more detail. The 2020 technical instructions to ayuntamientos come from the INE and the Dirección General de Cooperación Autonómica y Local. Ley Orgánica 4/2000, the foreigners' law, is quoted in a few places. We do not say which text prevails where two of them differ.

The Reglamento was amended by Real Decreto 141/2024, de 6 de febrero, BOE núm. 33, 07/02/2024; in force 08/02/2024. Its preamble says:

“se aprovecha la citada modificación del Reglamento de Población y Demarcación Territorial de las Entidades Locales para adaptarlo a las novedades normativas de los últimos años que afectan a su contenido” … “…y a algunas previsiones ya contempladas en la Resolución, de 17 de febrero de 2020, de la Presidencia del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y de la Dirección General de Cooperación Autonómica y Local, por la que se dictan instrucciones técnicas a los Ayuntamientos sobre la gestión del Padrón municipal.” (RD 141/2024, preamble)
BOE núm. 33, de 7 de febrero de 2024; in force 08/02/2024

In English: the amendment of the Reglamento also adapts it to some provisions already contained in the 2020 instructions. We do not say which. The BOE page of the 2020 instructions carries these notes on changes to them (our summary: Changes noted by the BOE: Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291) changes 1.3, 2.2 and Anexos I to V, with erratum BOE-A-2023-3512 (BOE núm. 35, 10/02/2023) noted on Anexos IV and V; Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020, published by Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014), changes 3.3 and adds 3.5.):

Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions.

“Se modifica el punto 3 por el apartado uno de la Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023. Ref. BOE-A-2023-3291” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, BOE note)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020
“Se modifica el apartado 2.2 por el apartado dos de la Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023. Ref. BOE-A-2023-3291” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 2, BOE note)
Section 2 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020
“Se modifica el apartado 3.3 y se añade el apartado 3.5 por Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020 publicada por Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020. Ref. BOE-A-2020-17014” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 3, BOE note)
Section 3 version: published 26/12/2020, in force 26/12/2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020
“Se modifica por el apartado tres de la Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023. Ref. BOE-A-2023-3291 Redactado conforme a la corrección de erratas, publicada en BOE núm. 35, de 10 de febrero de 2023. Ref. BOE-A-2023-3512” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, Anexo IV, BOE note)
Anexo IV version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291)

Who must register

The local government law, Ley 7/1985, says in art. 15:

“Toda persona que viva en España está obligada a inscribirse en el Padrón del municipio en el que resida habitualmente. Quien viva en varios municipios deberá inscribirse únicamente en el que habite durante más tiempo al año.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 15 (1st para.))
Art. 15 version: published 12/01/1996, in force 13/01/1996 (Ley 4/1996)

In English: every person who lives in Spain is obliged to register on the padrón of the municipality where they usually live; someone who lives in several municipalities registers only in the one where they spend most of the year. The Reglamento, art. 54.1, has the same sentences:

“1. Toda persona que viva en España está obligada a inscribirse en el padrón del municipio en el que resida habitualmente. Quien viva en varios municipios deberá inscribirse únicamente en el que habite durante más tiempo al año.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 54.1 (wording from RD 2612/1996; article last amended by RD 141/2024, 54.2 only))
Art. 54 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

The INE's page on its padrón data says the same in its own words:

“El Padrón municipal es el registro administrativo donde constan los vecinos del municipio. Toda persona que viva en España está obligada a inscribirse en el Padrón del municipio en el que resida habitualmente y quien viva en varios municipios deberá inscribirse únicamente en el que habite durante más tiempo al año. La formación, mantenimiento, revisión y custodia del Padrón municipal corresponde al Ayuntamiento y sus datos constituyen prueba de la residencia en el municipio y del domicilio habitual en el mismo.” (INE sede, Consulta de datos de inscripción en la base padronal, "¿Qué es el Padrón municipal y qué es la base padronal del INE?")
No date shown on the page; checked 18 October 2026

Those registered are the vecinos of the municipality, and the law says when one becomes a vecino:

“Los inscritos en el Padrón municipal son los vecinos del municipio. La condición de vecino se adquiere en el mismo momento de su inscripción en el Padrón.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 15 (3rd and 4th paras.))
Art. 15 version: published 12/01/1996, in force 13/01/1996 (Ley 4/1996)

In English: the people on the padrón are the vecinos of the municipality, and the status is acquired at the moment of registration. On what the padrón is and what its data prove, art. 16.1 says:

“El Padrón municipal es el registro administrativo donde constan los vecinos de un municipio. Sus datos constituyen prueba de la residencia en el municipio y del domicilio habitual en el mismo. Las certificaciones que de dichos datos se expidan tendrán carácter de documento público y fehaciente para todos los efectos administrativos.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.1 (1st para.))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)

In English: the padrón is the administrative register of the vecinos of a municipality; its data are proof of residence in the municipality and of the usual address; and certificates issued from those data have the character of documento público y fehaciente for all administrative purposes.

The Reglamento also says, in art. 73:

“Los Ayuntamientos declararán de oficio la inscripción en su padrón como vecinos a las personas que vivan habitualmente en su término municipal y no figuren inscritos en el mismo.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 73 (1st para.))
Art. 73 version: published 16/01/1997, in force 17/01/1997 (RD 2612/1996)

In English: ayuntamientos register as vecinos, on their own initiative, people who usually live in their municipality and are not on its padrón. The next paragraph of the article says:

“Para decretar este tipo de alta será necesaria la instrucción de un expediente en el que se dé audiencia al interesado.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 73 (2nd para.))
Art. 73 version: published 16/01/1997, in force 17/01/1997 (RD 2612/1996)

In English: the next paragraph of art. 73 says this kind of registration needs a file (expediente) in which the person is given a hearing.

What registration proves, and what it does not

Art. 18 of the same law lists the rights and duties of vecinos. We quote items a, c and d and leave the others out:

“1. Son derechos y deberes de los vecinos: a) Ser elector y elegible de acuerdo con lo dispuesto en la legislación electoral.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 18.1 (lead-in) and 18.1.a))
Art. 18 version: published 17/12/2003, in force 01/01/2004 (Ley 57/2003)
“c) Utilizar, de acuerdo con su naturaleza, los servicios públicos municipales, y acceder a los aprovechamientos comunales, conforme a las normas aplicables. d) Contribuir mediante las prestaciones económicas y personales legalmente previstas a la realización de las competencias municipales.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 18.1.c) and d))
Art. 18 version: published 17/12/2003, in force 01/01/2004 (Ley 57/2003)

In English: vecinos have the right to vote and to stand for election as the electoral legislation provides (item a); to use the municipal public services according to their nature and to access communal uses (aprovechamientos comunales) under the applicable rules (item c); and the duty to contribute, through the economic and personal services the law provides, to the exercise of municipal powers (item d). Art. 18.2 then says, for foreigners:

“2. La inscripción de los extranjeros en el padrón municipal no constituirá prueba de su residencia legal en España ni les atribuirá ningún derecho que no les confiera la legislación vigente, especialmente en materia de derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 18.2)
Art. 18 version: published 17/12/2003, in force 01/01/2004 (Ley 57/2003)

In short, for foreigners: registering on the padrón is not proof of legal residence in Spain and gives no rights beyond those the law already gives. The text adds that this applies especially to the law on the rights and freedoms of foreigners in Spain. The Reglamento repeats the sentence in art. 56.2:

“2. La inscripción de los extranjeros en el padrón municipal no constituirá prueba de su residencia legal en España ni les atribuirá ningún derecho que no les confiera la legislación vigente, especialmente en materia de derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 56.2)
Art. 56 version: published 16/01/1997, in force 17/01/1997 (RD 2612/1996)

The foreigners' law, Ley Orgánica 4/2000, says in art. 6.2 and 6.3:

“2. Los extranjeros residentes, empadronados en un municipio, tienen todos los derechos establecidos por tal concepto en la legislación de bases de régimen local, pudiendo ser oídos en los asuntos que les afecten de acuerdo con lo que disponga la normativa de aplicación. 3. Los Ayuntamientos incorporarán al padrón a los extranjeros que tengan su domicilio habitual en el municipio y mantendrán actualizada la información relativa a los mismos.” (LO 4/2000, art. 6.2 and 6.3)
Art. 6 version: published 12/12/2009, in force 13/12/2009; consolidated text last updated 19/03/2025

In English: resident foreigners who are registered in a municipality have all the rights established on that account in the local government legislation, and may be heard on matters that affect them as the applicable rules provide; ayuntamientos include in the padrón the foreigners whose usual address is in the municipality and keep their information up to date. This page does not say what other effects registration has, for example on a residence procedure: see what we could not confirm.

Where the register is kept

Art. 17.1 of Ley 7/1985 puts the register with the ayuntamiento:

“La formación, mantenimiento, revisión y custodia del Padrón municipal corresponde al Ayuntamiento, de acuerdo con lo que establezca la legislación del Estado.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 17.1 (1st para.))
Art. 17 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)

In English: forming, keeping, revising and having custody of the padrón belongs to the ayuntamiento, in accordance with what State legislation establishes. The INE's page on its padrón data says applications go there, not to the INE:

“La formación, mantenimiento, revisión y custodia del Padrón municipal corresponde al Ayuntamiento, no al INE. Por ello la solicitud de inscripción en el Padrón del municipio en el que se resida habitualmente o la modificación de los datos padronales, en caso de no estar actualizados o ser erróneos, debe solicitarse en el Ayuntamiento correspondiente…” (INE sede, Consulta de datos de inscripción en la base padronal, "¿Dónde se debe solicitar la inscripción o modificación de los datos padronales?")
No date shown on the page; checked 18 October 2026

In English: the application to register in the padrón of the municipality where one usually lives, or to change data that are out of date or wrong, must be made at the corresponding ayuntamiento. The same page says the INE's own data are separate:

“Los datos padronales del INE no tienen por qué coincidir con los del Ayuntamiento y no sirven de base para la expedición de certificaciones o volantes de empadronamiento.” (INE sede, Consulta de datos de inscripción en la base padronal, "¿Qué datos mostrará la consulta?")
No date shown on the page; checked 18 October 2026

In English: the INE's padrón data need not match the ayuntamiento's, and are not the basis for issuing certificates or volantes.

On forms, the Reglamento says in art. 58.1:

“1. El Ayuntamiento facilitará a todos los que vivan en su término hojas padronales o formularios, en formato físico o electrónico, para que le notifiquen los datos de inscripción.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 58.1)
Art. 58 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

and in art. 59.1:

“1. La hoja padronal o formulario será firmada, de forma manuscrita o por los sistemas de firma admitidos en el caso de tramitación por medios electrónicos, por todos los vecinos cuyos datos figuren en la misma o, en su caso, por su representante legal.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 59.1)
Art. 59 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

In English: the ayuntamiento gives everyone who lives in its area padrón sheets or forms, in physical or electronic format, to notify their registration data; the sheet or form is signed, by hand or by the signature systems accepted for electronic processing, by all the vecinos whose data are on it or, where relevant, by their legal representative. On documents issued from the padrón, art. 61 says:

“Los Ayuntamientos podrán expedir volantes de empadronamiento, como documentos de carácter puramente informativo en los que no serán necesarias las formalidades previstas para las certificaciones.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 61 (2nd para.))
Art. 61 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

In English: ayuntamientos may issue volantes de empadronamiento, which are purely informative documents for which the formalities of certificates are not needed. Which of the two a given procedure asks for is not covered here.

What is recorded

Art. 16.2 of Ley 7/1985 lists the data a registration must contain, and says they are the only mandatory ones. Its items a to g follow. The first sub-item of item f is not quoted.

“2. La inscripción en el Padrón municipal contendrá como obligatorios sólo los siguientes datos: a) Nombre y apellidos. b) Sexo.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2 (lead-in, items a and b))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)
“c) Domicilio habitual, con especificación de la referencia catastral, en el territorio fiscal común o el código equivalente en los territorios forales, siempre que el domicilio cuente con referencia catastral o código equivalente.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2.c))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)
“d) Nacionalidad. e) Lugar y fecha de nacimiento.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2.d) and e))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)
“f) Número de documento nacional de identidad o, tratándose de extranjeros:” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2.f) (lead-in))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)
“2.º Número de identidad de extranjero que conste en documento, en vigor, expedido por las autoridades españolas o, en su defecto, por no ser titulares de estos, el número del pasaporte en vigor expedido por las autoridades del país de procedencia, tratándose de ciudadanos nacionales de Estados no comprendidos en el párrafo anterior…” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2.f).2.º (start))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)
“g) Certificado o título escolar o académico que se posea.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2.g))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)

In English: the mandatory data are name and surnames; sex; the usual address, with the cadastral reference (or the equivalent code in the foral territories) where the home has one; nationality; place and date of birth; an identity number; and any school or academic certificate or title held. For nationals of states not covered by the first sub-item, the identity number in item f is the foreigner identity number shown on a valid document issued by the Spanish authorities or, if they do not hold one, the number of a valid passport issued by the authorities of the country of origin. Voluntary data come at the end of the same paragraph:

“…la inscripción en el Padrón municipal podrá recoger la aportación voluntaria de los datos relativos a la designación de las personas que pueden representar a cada vecino ante la administración municipal a efectos padronales, el número de teléfono de contacto y la dirección de correo electrónico.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.2 (voluntary data paragraph, end))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)

In English: the registration may record, if the person gives them voluntarily, the designation of the people who may represent each vecino before the municipal administration for padrón purposes, a contact telephone number and an email address. The INE's page summarises the mandatory data like this:

“La inscripción en el Padrón municipal contiene los siguientes datos obligatorios: nombre y apellidos, sexo, domicilio, nacionalidad, lugar y fecha de nacimiento, DNI o documento que lo sustituya tratándose de extranjeros y certificado o título escolar o académico que posea.” (INE sede, Consulta de datos de inscripción en la base padronal, "¿Qué datos contiene el Padrón?")
No date shown on the page; checked 18 October 2026

Proving who you are and where you live

The Reglamento says in art. 59.2:

“2. El Ayuntamiento podrá comprobar la veracidad de los datos consignados por los vecinos, exigiendo al efecto la presentación del documento nacional de identidad, el certificado de registro de ciudadano de la Unión Europea, la tarjeta de identidad de extranjero, el pasaporte, el libro de familia o certificado de nacimiento, el título que legitime la ocupación de la vivienda u otros documentos análogos.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 59.2)
Art. 59 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

In English: the ayuntamiento may check that the data given by vecinos are true by requiring the identity card (DNI), the EU citizen registration certificate, the foreigner identity card, the passport, the family book or birth certificate, the title that legitimises occupying the home, or similar documents.

Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions. Changes noted by the BOE: Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291) changes 1.3, 2.2 and Anexos I to V, with erratum BOE-A-2023-3512 (BOE núm. 35, 10/02/2023) noted on Anexos IV and V; Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020, published by Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014), changes 3.3 and adds 3.5.

The 2020 instructions say, in point 8 of their section 1:

“8. El Ayuntamiento podrá comprobar la veracidad de los datos consignados por los vecinos, exigiendo al efecto la presentación de los documentos que acrediten su identidad y el domicilio en el municipio, que se definen en los apartados correspondientes de esta Resolución.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, point 8)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: the ayuntamiento may check that the data are true by requiring the documents that prove identity and address in the municipality, which the instructions define in their own sections. On identification documents, the 2020 instructions say in section 2.1:

“El objetivo de exigir documentación identificativa al solicitar la inscripción en el Padrón es exclusivamente comprobar que los datos de identificación (nombre, apellidos, número del documento, nacionalidad, sexo y lugar y fecha de nacimiento) son correctos, con independencia de la situación legal del extranjero en España. Al Ayuntamiento no le corresponde realizar ningún control sobre la legalidad o ilegalidad de la residencia en territorio español de ninguno de sus vecinos.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 2.1)
Section 2 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: the instructions say the purpose of requiring identification documents is only to check that the identification data are correct, whatever the foreigner's legal situation in Spain, and that it is not for the ayuntamiento to control whether the residence of any of its vecinos in Spain is legal or illegal. For nationals of states other than the EU and EEA group that section lists first (our reading of the heading's los anteriores), section 2.1 continues:

“– Nacionales de Estados distintos de los anteriores:” … “Por tanto, el criterio general es que deben presentar un documento en vigor expedido por las autoridades españolas (preferentemente la tarjeta de identidad de extranjero) en el que figura el NIE (número de identificación de extranjero) y, en el caso de no disponer de tarjeta de identidad de extranjero, se consignará el número del pasaporte.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 2.1 (nationals of states other than the EU/EEA group listed before it))
Section 2 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: the instructions' general approach is a valid document issued by the Spanish authorities (preferably the foreigner identity card) showing the NIE; without a foreigner identity card, the passport number is recorded. On proof of the home, section 2.3 of the 2020 instructions lists these titles:

“– Título de propiedad (escritura, contrato de compraventa, Nota del Registro, comprobación de bases de datos municipales donde conste dicha propiedad, etc.). – Contrato vigente de arrendamiento de vivienda para uso de residencia habitual acompañado del último recibo de alquiler. El Ayuntamiento tiene la potestad de aceptar otros documentos, hechas las comprobaciones que considere oportunas (suministros de luz, agua, etc.).” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 2.3)
Section 2 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: a property title (deed, sale contract, land registry note, a check of municipal databases that show the ownership, and so on), or a lease in force of a home for habitual residence with the last rent receipt; the ayuntamiento has the power to accept other documents after the checks it considers appropriate, such as electricity or water bills. The documents each ayuntamiento lists on its own pages are in the local examples.

What the 2020 instructions say about processing

Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions. Changes noted by the BOE: Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291) changes 1.3, 2.2 and Anexos I to V, with erratum BOE-A-2023-3512 (BOE núm. 35, 10/02/2023) noted on Anexos IV and V; Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020, published by Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014), changes 3.3 and adds 3.5.

Point 9 of section 1 of the 2020 instructions:

“9. Con carácter general, siempre que un ciudadano solicite el alta o la modificación de cualquiera de sus datos en el Padrón de un municipio aportando los documentos necesarios para probar su identidad, representación en su caso, y residencia real en el mismo, se procederá a realizar su inscripción en el Padrón sin más trámite, siendo efectiva desde ese momento y sin que sea posible otorgarle efectos retroactivos.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, point 9)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: in general, when a person asks for registration, or to change data, and provides the documents proving identity, representation if any, and real residence in the municipality, the registration is made sin más trámite (without further formality), is effective from that moment and cannot be given retroactive effect. Where there are doubts, point 10 says:

“10. Cuando existan indicios que hagan dudar de que se vaya a establecer la residencia en el municipio, o de alguno de los datos declarados por el ciudadano, antes de proceder al alta, o a la modificación de datos en el Padrón, el Ayuntamiento, presentada la correspondiente solicitud por parte del interesado, ordenará los actos de trámite necesarios para comprobar la veracidad de los datos consignados en la solicitud, dictando la correspondiente resolución.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, point 10)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: where there are indications that raise doubts about whether residence will be established in the municipality, or about any declared data, the ayuntamiento, once the application has been presented, orders the procedural steps needed to check the data and issues a resolution. Point 11 gives the time:

“11. El plazo para la realización de los mismos y la notificación de la resolución correspondiente al interesado es el general de tres meses establecido en el artículo 21.3 de la Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, del Procedimiento Administrativo Común de las Administraciones Públicas.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, point 11)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: the time for those steps and for notifying the resolution to the person concerned is the general three months of art. 21.3 of Ley 39/2015. Point 13 says what follows if no decision is notified:

“13. Si el Ayuntamiento no notifica dentro de los tres meses la resolución estimando o desestimando la solicitud, operará el silencio positivo y el ciudadano quedará a todos los efectos empadronado en ese municipio (artículo 24 de la Ley 39/2015), desde la fecha de su solicitud.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, point 13)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: if the ayuntamiento does not notify, within the three months, a resolution granting or refusing the application, silencio positivo applies and the person is registered in that municipality for all purposes, from the date of the application.

In short, on the 2020 instructions: where the ayuntamiento has doubts and runs checks (point 10), the general limit is three months; under point 13, if no decision is notified in three months, silencio positivo applies from the application date. These are the instructions' general rules, not a statement of the usual time, and we give no national processing time.

Changes and moving

The Reglamento says in art. 68:

“Todos los vecinos deben comunicar a su Ayuntamiento las variaciones que experimenten sus circunstancias personales en la medida en que impliquen una modificación de los datos que deben figurar en el padrón municipal con carácter obligatorio.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 68, 1st paragraph (quoted 1st paragraph unchanged; 2nd paragraph amended 2024))
Art. 68 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024); the 1st paragraph is as in RD 2612/1996

In English: all vecinos must tell their ayuntamiento of changes in their personal circumstances that alter the data which must appear on the padrón as mandatory. On moving to another municipality, art. 70 says:

“Cuando una persona cambie de municipio de residencia deberá solicitar su alta en el padrón del municipio de destino, el cual, tras realizar las comprobaciones oportunas y una vez practicada la inscripción, la enviará, conforme a lo previsto en el artículo 65, al Instituto Nacional de Estadística para su comunicación al municipio de procedencia, donde se dará de baja en el padrón al vecino trasladado sin más trámite.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 70)
Art. 70 version: published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

In English: a person who changes municipality must ask to be registered (alta) in the padrón of the destination municipality, which, after the appropriate checks and once it has registered the person, sends the registration to the INE under art. 65, for communication to the municipality of origin, where the vecino is removed (baja) without further formality.

Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions. Changes noted by the BOE: Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291) changes 1.3, 2.2 and Anexos I to V, with erratum BOE-A-2023-3512 (BOE núm. 35, 10/02/2023) noted on Anexos IV and V; Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020, published by Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014), changes 3.3 and adds 3.5.

The 2020 instructions say in point 4 of their section 1:

“4. Cuando una persona cambie de residencia deberá solicitar por escrito, o en su caso por los medios electrónicos habilitados, su alta en el Padrón del municipio de destino comunicando en la solicitud el municipio o país de procedencia.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 1, point 4)
Section 1 version: published 08/02/2023, in force 08/02/2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: when a person changes residence they must apply in writing, or through the electronic means provided, for registration in the padrón of the destination municipality, giving the municipality or country of origin in the application.

An address where others are already registered

Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions. Changes noted by the BOE: Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291) changes 1.3, 2.2 and Anexos I to V, with erratum BOE-A-2023-3512 (BOE núm. 35, 10/02/2023) noted on Anexos IV and V; Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020, published by Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014), changes 3.3 and adds 3.5.

Section 3.1 of the 2020 instructions says:

“Cuando un ciudadano solicite su alta en un domicilio en el que ya consten empadronadas otras personas, en lugar de solicitarle que aporte el documento que justifique su ocupación de la vivienda, se le deberá exigir la autorización por escrito de una persona mayor de edad que figure empadronada en ese domicilio.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 3.1)
Section 3 version: published 26/12/2020, in force 26/12/2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014); original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: when a citizen asks for registration at an address where other people are already registered, instead of being asked for the document that justifies occupying the home, they must be asked for the written authorisation of an adult who is registered at that address. The foreigners' law, Ley Orgánica 4/2000, also has a rule about consenting to a registration at a home that is not the foreigner's real address. Its art. 53 is headed Infracciones graves, and its art. 53.2 says:

“2. También son infracciones graves:” … “d) Consentir la inscripción de un extranjero en el Padrón Municipal por parte del titular de una vivienda habilitado para tal fin, cuando dicha vivienda no constituya el domicilio real del extranjero. Se incurrirá en una infracción por cada persona indebidamente inscrita.” (LO 4/2000, art. 53.2.d))
Art. 53 version: published 12/12/2009, in force 13/12/2009; consolidated text last updated 19/03/2025

In English: among the infringements listed in art. 53.2 is consenting to the registration of a foreigner on the padrón by the holder of a home (the text: titular de una vivienda habilitado para tal fin), when the home is not the foreigner's real address; the text adds that one infringement is incurred for each person wrongly registered. This is the law's wording and we do not say how it is applied.

Renewal every two years for some foreigners

Art. 16.1 of Ley 7/1985 says:

“La inscripción en el Padrón Municipal sólo surtirá efecto de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artículo 15 por el tiempo que subsista el hecho que la motivó y, en todo caso, deberá ser objeto de renovación periódica cada dos años cuando se trate de la inscripción de extranjeros sin autorización de residencia de larga duración, no pertenecientes a un Estado miembro de la Unión Europea, a Estados parte en el Acuerdo sobre el Espacio Económico Europeo o a otros Estados a los que, en virtud de un convenio internacional se extienda el régimen jurídico previsto para los ciudadanos de los Estados mencionados anteriormente.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.1 (2nd para.))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)

In English: a registration has effect, in accordance with art. 15, only for as long as the fact that motivated it subsists and, in any case, must be renewed periodically every two years in the case of the registration of foreigners without a long-term residence authorisation who do not belong to an EU member state, to a party to the EEA agreement or to another state to which an international agreement extends the legal regime of the citizens of those states. The next paragraph of the article says:

“El transcurso del plazo señalado en el párrafo anterior será causa para acordar la caducidad de las inscripciones que deban ser objeto de renovación periódica, siempre que el interesado no hubiese procedido a tal renovación. En este caso, la caducidad podrá declararse sin necesidad de audiencia previa del interesado.” (Ley 7/1985, art. 16.1 (3rd para.))
Art. 16 version: published 20/12/2023, in force 21/12/2023 (Real Decreto-ley 6/2023)

In English: once the period has passed, the lapse of the registrations that must be renewed periodically may be agreed if the person has not renewed, and in that case the expiry may be declared without a prior hearing of the person. The Reglamento states the renewal rule again in art. 54 bis, added by RD 141/2024:

“2. En todo caso, cuando se trate de la inscripción de extranjeros sin autorización de residencia de larga duración, no pertenecientes a un Estado miembro de la Unión Europea, a Estados parte en el Acuerdo sobre el Espacio Económico Europeo o a otros Estados a los que, en virtud de un convenio internacional, se extienda el régimen jurídico previsto para los ciudadanos de los Estados mencionados anteriormente, deberá ser objeto de renovación periódica cada dos años.” (RD 1690/1986, art. 54 bis.2 (added by RD 141/2024))
Art. 54 bis: text added, published 07/02/2024, in force 08/02/2024 (RD 141/2024)

Resolución de 17/02/2020 (INE/DGCAL), BOE 02/05/2020, last amended 08/02/2023; the Reglamento was later amended by RD 141/2024, whose preamble says the amendment adapts it to some provisions already contained in these instructions. Changes noted by the BOE: Resolución de 3 de febrero de 2023 (BOE-A-2023-3291) changes 1.3, 2.2 and Anexos I to V, with erratum BOE-A-2023-3512 (BOE núm. 35, 10/02/2023) noted on Anexos IV and V; Resolución de 2 de diciembre de 2020, published by Resolución de 15 de diciembre de 2020 (BOE-A-2020-17014), changes 3.3 and adds 3.5.

Section 6 of the 2020 instructions, which is about renewal and expiry for these foreigners, says in point 5:

“5. La renovación no constituye un acto de mero trámite y exige un acto expreso mediante el cual el ciudadano, o su representante, manifieste su voluntad expresa de renovar la inscripción.” (2020 instructions to ayuntamientos, section 6, point 5)
Section 6 shows no separate version date on the BOE page; consolidated text last updated 08/02/2023; original text published 02/05/2020, in force 17/02/2020

In English: renewal is not a mere formality and needs an express act in which the citizen, or their representative, states their express wish to renew the registration. This is the wording of art. 16.1 and of these texts and no more: we do not say who in practice belongs to the group beyond the quote, how or where to renew nationally, or whether the rule applies to UK nationals covered by the Withdrawal Agreement. One ayuntamiento's renewal page is quoted in the local examples.

Two ayuntamientos' pages

Procedures, fees and document lists are on each ayuntamiento's own pages. Two are quoted as examples, each one town's rules. They are not national rules, and this guide says nothing about other ayuntamientos.

Valencia

Valencia city council's page for registrations and changes of address (procedure PA.GP.11, information updated 14/11/2025) says:

“Alta por cambio de residencia: personas que han fijado su residencia habitual en el municipio de València, procedentes de otro municipio o del extranjero.” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11 (Altas y cambios de domicilio en el Padrón Municipal), Descripción)
Information updated 14/11/2025

In English: registration by change of residence (alta por cambio de residencia) is for people who have set their usual residence in the municipality of València, coming from another municipality or from abroad. On identity documents:

“Ciudadanía de Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, Islandia, Liechtenstein, Noruega y Suiza: Tarjeta de Residencia, pasaporte o documento de identidad del país de origen. En caso de aportar “Certificado de Registro de Ciudadano de la Unión” deberá ir acompañado del pasaporte o del documento de identidad del país de origen.” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11, Documentación a presentar, 1.a))
Information updated 14/11/2025
“Resto de ciudadanía: (No comunitarios y personas del Reino de Gran Bretaña): Tarjeta de residencia o pasaporte.” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11, Documentación a presentar, 1.a))
Information updated 14/11/2025

In English: for citizens of EU member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, Valencia's page lists a residence card, passport or identity document from the country of origin, and says a Certificado de Registro de Ciudadano de la Unión must come with the passport or identity document; for the rest it lists non-EU nationals and people from the United Kingdom (its words: Reino de Gran Bretaña), with a residence card or passport. On a rented home:

“2.2 Vivienda alquilada en la que la persona interesada es la titular del contrato de arrendamiento: contrato de alquiler en vigor de vivienda o habitación que deberá estar firmado por todas las personas que figuran en el contrato, con una duración de más de seis meses, especificación del número de referencia catastral de acuerdo con la normativa vigente, acompañado de último recibo del alquiler (o transferencia bancaria) pagado en los últimos dos meses, donde figure la persona arrendadora (propietario/a), la arrendataria (inquilino/a), mes de alquiler y dirección de la vivienda.” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11, Documentación a presentar, 2.2)
Information updated 14/11/2025

In English: for a rented home or room where the person holds the lease, Valencia's page lists a lease in force, signed by all the people named in it, for more than six months, stating the cadastral reference number, with the last rent receipt (or bank transfer) paid in the last two months, showing landlord, tenant, month and address. On fees, appointments and time, the same page says:

“TODOS LOS TRÁMITES DE PADRÓN SON GRATUITOS” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11, Información Complementaria)
Information updated 14/11/2025
“PRESENCIAL: Para la realización de este trámite en cualquiera de las oficinas de Gestión padronal podrá solicitar CITA PREVIA o llamando al teléfono de atención ciudadana 010/ 963100010/ 962081104 (1 cita por persona salvo que sean unidad familiar).” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11, Actuaciones a realizar por la persona solicitante)
Information updated 14/11/2025
“Plazo máximo de resolución: 3 meses” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.11, Plazo de resolución y recursos)
Information updated 14/11/2025

In English: Valencia's page says all padrón procedures are free; that the in-person procedure at its padrón offices can be done with a cita previa (appointment) or by phone, one appointment per person unless they are a family unit; and that the maximum time to resolve is three months. This is one ayuntamiento's page. Whether other ayuntamientos charge, use appointments or give a similar maximum is not covered here. Valencia has a separate page on renewals for foreigners, which says:

“Las personas extranjeras no comunitarias sin autorización de residencia de larga duración (ENCSARP) deberán renovar su inscripción padronal cada 2 años desde el alta en el Padrón Municipal o desde la última renovación.” (Valencia city council, sede PA.GP.50 (Renovaciones de personas extranjeras), Descripción)
No date shown on the page; checked 18 October 2026

In English: foreigners from outside the EU without a long-term residence authorisation (ENCSARP) must renew their registration every two years from the registration or from the last renewal. This is Valencia's page, with no date shown.

Torrevieja

Torrevieja city council's English page of necessary documents for registration and change of address (no date shown) lists, among its opening items, in upper case:

“COMPLETE COPY OF THE RENTAL AGREEMENT, HOUSE DEED, SIMPLE NOTE OF THE UPDATED PROPERTY REGISTRATION OR LAST IBI RECEIPT. INDICATE YOUR COUNTRY OR MUNICIPALITY OF ORIGIN. ELECTRICITY AND WATER BILL OF THE LAST MONTH (IN CASE OF A RENTAL CONTRACT). RECEIPT OF PAYMENT OF LAST MONTH'S RENT (IN CASE OF RENTAL CONTRACT). …” (Torrevieja city council, English document "Necessary documents registration and change of address in the municipal padron of inhabitants", opening items (upper case in the original))
No date shown on the page; checked 18 October 2026

In English: the page lists proof of the home (a rental agreement, deed, property register note or IBI receipt), the country or municipality of origin and, for a rental, the last month's electricity and water bills and rent receipt. The page continues with further items that we do not quote. This is Torrevieja's page, one town's rules.

How current each source is

SourceDate shown on the pageWe checked
Ley 7/1985, Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local (BOE, consolidated text) Ley 7/1985, consolidated text, last updated on the BOE 03/10/2026 18 October 2026
Real Decreto 1690/1986, Reglamento de Población y Demarcación Territorial de las Entidades Locales (BOE, consolidated text) RD 1690/1986, consolidated text, last updated 07/02/2024 (RD 141/2024) 18 October 2026
Real Decreto 141/2024, de 6 de febrero (BOE) BOE núm. 33, de 7 de febrero de 2024; in force 08/02/2024 18 October 2026
Resolución de 17 de febrero de 2020, instrucciones técnicas a los Ayuntamientos sobre la gestión del Padrón municipal (BOE, consolidated text) INE/DGCAL instructions of 17/02/2020, consolidated text last updated 08/02/2023 18 October 2026
Ley Orgánica 4/2000, derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España (BOE, consolidated text) LO 4/2000, consolidated 19/03/2025 18 October 2026
INE sede electrónica: Consulta de datos de inscripción en la base padronal undated; checked 18 October 2026 18 October 2026
Valencia city council: Altas y cambios de domicilio en el Padrón Municipal (PA.GP.11) Valencia PA.GP.11: information updated 14/11/2025 18 October 2026
Valencia city council: Renovaciones de personas extranjeras (PA.GP.50) undated; checked 18 October 2026 18 October 2026
Torrevieja city council: necessary documents for registration and change of address (English) undated; checked 18 October 2026 18 October 2026

Questions to take to your ayuntamiento

  • Ask whether your ayuntamiento requires an appointment.
  • Ask whether your ayuntamiento publishes a list of the documents it asks for.
  • Ask whether your ayuntamiento charges a fee for registering.
  • Ask whether there is a time limit for the ayuntamiento to decide on your application.
  • Ask whether and when your registration must be renewed.
  • Ask whether registering has any effect on your immigration status.
  • Ask whether the office that handles your procedure asks for a padrón certificate.

Where to go next

  1. Read the pages of your own ayuntamiento on registering: the two quoted above are examples from two towns only.
  2. Other guides on this site cover their own topics, and this page does not say whether the padrón matters for them: the NIE, opening a bank account, health insurance for a visa, finding a job and the visa comparison.

See also our guide to the AEAT declarations of assets held abroad.

What we couldn't confirm officially
  • Whether a padrón registration is needed, or not needed, for the health card (tarjeta sanitaria): not confirmed either way. unverified
  • Whether a padrón registration is needed, or not needed, for a residence permit, the TIE or the NIE: not confirmed either way. unverified
  • Whether a padrón registration is needed, or not needed, for school places: not confirmed either way. unverified
  • Whether a padrón registration is needed, or not needed, to register a vehicle: not confirmed either way. unverified
  • Whether a padrón registration is needed, or not needed, to open a bank account: not confirmed either way. unverified
  • Whether a padrón registration is needed, or not needed, for a driving licence: not confirmed either way. unverified
  • Any deadline for registering after arrival: not confirmed, and we do not say that none exists. unverified
  • National fees, appointments, online filing and processing times: not confirmed. Two ayuntamientos' own pages and the general rules of the 2020 instructions are quoted for what each says. unverified
  • Madrid and Málaga rules: not confirmed. unverified
  • How, where and when to renew nationally: not confirmed. Only one ayuntamiento's renewal page (Valencia) and the general texts quoted were read. unverified
  • Whether UK nationals covered by the Withdrawal Agreement must renew every two years: not confirmed. unverified
  • Whether the 2020 instructions apply exactly as written after RD 141/2024: not confirmed. RD 141/2024's preamble names them, and we do not say which provisions it refers to. unverified
  • The rest of RD 141/2024 and the text of the amending resolutions of 2020 and 2023: not read beyond the BOE notes and the preamble sentence quoted. unverified
  • Whether being on the padrón has any effect on tax residence or on your immigration status: not researched. The quotes on art. 18.2 are the only statements on legal residence that we give. unverified
  • Not covered: minors, people with no fixed address, deregistration (baja), registering at a home you do not own or rent, and the register of Spaniards living abroad. unverified

Sources

General information, not legal, tax or financial advice. Rules change: check the official page, or ask a gestor or lawyer, before you act. How we check our sources · All guides